Research misconduct means fabrication, falsification, citation manipulation, or plagiarism in producing, performing, or reviewing research and writing an article by authors, or in reporting research results. When authors are found to have been involved with research misconduct or other serious irregularities involving articles that have been published in scientific journals, Editors have a responsibility to ensure the accuracy and integrity of the scientific record. In cases of suspected misconduct, the Editors and Editorial Board of HEBR Journal will use the best practices of COPE to assist them to resolve the complaint and address the misconduct fairly. This will include an investigation of the allegation by the Editors. A submitted manuscript that is found to contain such misconduct will be rejected. In cases where a published paper is found to contain such misconduct, a retraction can be published and will be linked to the original article. The first step involves determining the validity of the allegation and an assessment of whether the allegation is consistent with the definition of research misconduct. This initial step also involves determining whether the individuals alleging misconduct have relevant conflicts of interest. If scientific misconduct or the presence of other substantial research irregularities is a possibility, the allegations are shared with the corresponding author, who, on behalf of all of the coauthors, is requested to provide a detailed response. After the response is received and evaluated, additional review and involvement of experts (such as statistical reviewers) may be obtained. For cases in which it is unlikely that misconduct has occurred, clarifications, additional analyses, or both, published as letters to the editor, and often including a correction notice and correction to the published article are sufficient. Institutions are expected to conduct an appropriate and thorough investigation of allegations of scientific misconduct. Ultimately, authors, journals, and institutions have an important obligation to ensure the accuracy of the scientific record. By responding appropriately to concerns about scientific misconduct, and taking necessary actions based on evaluation of these concerns, such as corrections, retractions with replacement, and retractions, HEBR journal will continue to fulfill the responsibilities of ensuring the validity and integrity of the scientific record.

Reporting Standards:

Authors should present an accurate account of the original research performed as well as an objective discussion of its significance. Researchers should present their results honestly and without fabrication, falsification or inappropriate data manipulation. A manuscript should contain sufficient detail and references to permit others to replicate the work. Fraudulent or knowingly inaccurate statements constitute unethical behavior.

Data Access, Retention and Reproducibility:

Authors are asked to provide the raw data in connection with a paper for editorial review, and should be prepared to provide public access to such data, if practicable, and should in any event be prepared to retain such data for a reasonable time after publication. Authors are responsible for data reproducibility.

Originality and Plagiarism:

Authors must ensure that they have written entirely original work. The manuscript should not be submitted concurrently to more than one publication unless the editors have agreed to co-publication. Relevant previous work and publications, both by other researchers and the authors’ own, should be properly acknowledged and referenced. The primary literature should be cited where possible. Original wording taken directly from publications by other researchers should appear in quotation marks with the appropriate citations.

Multiple, Redundant, or Concurrent Publications:

Author should not in general submit the same manuscript to more than one journal concurrently. It is also expected that the author will not publish redundant manuscripts or manuscripts describing the same research in more than one journal. Submitting the same manuscript to more than one journal concurrently constitutes unethical publishing behavior and is unacceptable. Multiple publications arising from a single research project should be clearly identified as such and the primary publication should be referenced.

Acknowledgement of Sources:

Authors should acknowledge all sources of data used in the research and cite publications that have been influential in determining the nature of the reported work. Proper acknowledgment of the work of others must always be given.

Authorship and Contributorship of the Paper:

The authorship of research publications should accurately reflect individuals’ contributions to the work and its reporting. Authorship should be limited to those who have made a significant contribution to conception, design, execution or interpretation of the reported study. Others who have made significant contributions must be listed as co-authors. In cases where major contributors are listed as authors while those who made less substantial, or purely technical, contributions to the research or to the publication are listed in an acknowledgement section. Authors also ensure that all the authors have seen and agreed to the submitted version of the manuscript and their inclusion of names as co-authors.

Disclosure and Conflicts of Interest:

All authors should clearly disclose in their manuscript any financial or other substantive conflict of interest that might be construed to influence the results or interpretation of their manuscript. All sources of financial support for the project should be disclosed.

Fundamental Errors in Published Works:

If the author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in the submitted manuscript, then the author should promptly notify the journal editor or publisher and cooperate with the editor to retract or correct the paper.

Hazards and Human or Animal Subjects:

The author should clearly identify in the manuscript if the work involves chemicals, procedures or equipment that have any unusual hazards inherent in their use.

Publication Decisions:

Based on the review report of the editorial board, the editor can accept, reject, or request modifications to the manuscript. The validation of the work in question and its importance to researchers and readers must always drive such decisions. The editors may be guided by the policies of the journal's editorial board and constrained by such legal requirements as shall then be in force regarding libel, copyright infringement and plagiarism. The editors may confer with other editors or reviewers in making this decision. Editors have to take responsibility for everything they publish and should have procedures and policies in place to ensure the quality of the material they publish and maintain the integrity of the published record.

Review of Manuscripts:

Editor must ensure that each manuscript is initially evaluated by the editor for originality. The editor should organize and use peer review fairly and wisely. Editors should explain their peer review processes in the information for authors and also indicate which parts of the journal are peer reviewed. Editors should use appropriate peer reviewers for papers that are considered for publication by selecting people with sufficient expertise and avoiding those with conflicts of interest. The reviewing process will take into account the novelness, objectivity, methodology, scientific impact, conclusion, and references. Reviewer feedback will be forwarded to the relevant author for any necessary actions or answers. Based on the reviewer's suggestion, the editorial board will consider the reviewer's opinion before sending the corresponding author the final decision about the submission.

Fair Play:

The editor must ensure that each manuscript received by the journal is reviewed for its intellectual content without regard to sex, gender, race, religion, citizenship, etc. of the authors. An important part of the responsibility to make fair and unbiased decisions is the upholding of the principle of editorial independence and integrity. Editors are in a powerful position by making decisions on publications, which makes it very important that this process is as fair and unbiased as possible.

Confidentiality:

The editor must ensure that information regarding manuscripts submitted by the authors is kept confidential. Editors should critically assess any potential breaches of data protection and patient confidentiality. This includes requiring properly informed consent for the actual research presented, consent for publication where applicable.

Disclosure and Conflicts of Interest:

The editor of the Journal will not use unpublished materials disclosed in a submitted manuscript for his own research without written consent of the author. Editors should not be involved in decisions about papers in which they have a conflict of interest.

Contribution to Editorial Decisions:

Peer review assists the editor in making editorial decisions and through the editorial communications with the author may also assist the author in improving the paper.

Confidentiality:

Information regarding manuscripts submitted by authors should be kept confidential and be treated as privileged information. They must not be shown to or discussed with others except as authorized by the editor.

Acknowledgement of Sources:

Reviewers must ensure that authors have acknowledged all sources of data used in the research. Reviewers should identify relevant published work that has not been cited by the authors. Any statement that an observation, derivation, or argument had been previously reported should be accompanied by the relevant citation. The reviewers should notify the journal immediately if they come across any irregularities, have concerns about ethical aspects of the work, are aware of substantial similarity between the manuscript and a concurrent submission to another journal or a published article, or suspect that misconduct may have occurred during either the research or the writing and submission of the manuscript; reviewers should, however, keep their concerns confidential and not personally investigate further unless the journal asks for further information or advice.

Standards of Objectivity:

Review of submitted manuscripts must be done objectively and the reviewers should express their views clearly with supporting arguments. The reviewers should follow journals’ instructions on the specific feedback that is required of them and, unless there are good reasons not to. The reviewers should be constructive in their reviews and provide feedback that will help the authors to improve their manuscript. The reviewer should make clear which suggested additional investigations are essential to support claims made in the manuscript under consideration and which will just strengthen or extend the work

Disclosure and Conflict of Interest:

Privileged information or ideas obtained through peer review must be kept confidential and not used for personal advantage. Reviewers should not consider manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships or connections with any of the authors, companies, or institutions connected to the papers. In the case of double-blind review, if they suspect the identity of the author(s), notify the journal if this knowledge raises any potential conflict of interest.

Promptness:

The reviewers should respond in a reasonable time-frame. The reviewers only agree to review a manuscript if they are fairly confident they can return a review within the proposed or mutually agreed time-frame, informing the journal promptly if they require an extension. In the event that a reviewer feels it is not possible for him/her to complete review of manuscript within stipulated time then this information must be communicated to the editor, so that the manuscript could be sent to another reviewer.

Hasanuddin Economics and Business Review (HEBR) is committed to maintaining transparency, editorial independence, and integrity throughout the submission, peer-review, and publication processes. All parties involved in scholarly publishing, including authors, peer reviewers, and editors, are required to disclose any actual, potential, or perceived conflicts of interest that could influence, or reasonably be perceived to influence, their professional judgement.

Conflicts of interest may arise from financial, professional, institutional, academic, or personal relationships. Such interests may include employment, research funding, consultancy arrangements, financial investments, intellectual property rights, institutional affiliations, research collaborations, personal relationships, or academic competition. The existence of a competing interest does not necessarily indicate misconduct; however, transparent disclosure is essential to ensuring the credibility and impartiality of the publication process.

1. Disclosure by Authors

All authors must disclose any financial or non-financial interests that could influence, or reasonably be perceived to influence, the design, conduct, analysis, interpretation, or reporting of their research.

Authors are required to declare relevant competing interests and sources of research funding in the Author Declaration Statement submitted with their manuscript. Where applicable, the disclosure must identify the funding organisation and clarify its role in the study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, manuscript preparation, and decision to submit the work for publication.

To preserve HEBR's double-blind peer-review process, identifying disclosures must be provided separately from the anonymised main manuscript. Relevant declarations will be included in the final published article.

Where no competing interests exist, authors must explicitly state:

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

All authors are responsible for ensuring that their disclosures are complete and accurate and must promptly inform the editorial office of any relevant changes during the editorial or publication process.

2. Disclosure by Peer Reviewers

Peer reviewers must declare any actual, potential, or perceived conflicts of interest before accepting an invitation to review a manuscript.

Such conflicts may arise from financial interests, institutional affiliations, previous or ongoing research collaborations, personal relationships, professional competition, or other circumstances that could compromise the independence and objectivity of the review.

Reviewers who identify a competing interest must promptly inform the handling editor and decline the invitation where the conflict could reasonably affect their impartiality. If a potential conflict becomes apparent during the review process, the reviewer must immediately notify the editor, who will determine whether the review may continue or should be reassigned.

Reviewers must maintain the confidentiality of all manuscript information and must not use unpublished findings, data, or ideas obtained through peer review for personal, professional, or commercial advantage.

3. Disclosure by Editors

Editors, including the Editor-in-Chief, Managing Editor, Section Editors, and other individuals involved in editorial decisions, must disclose any actual, potential, or perceived conflicts of interest relating to manuscripts under their responsibility.

Conflicts may arise from financial relationships, institutional affiliations, recent research collaborations, personal relationships, academic competition, or any other interest that could compromise editorial independence.

Editors must not participate in the assessment, reviewer selection, or editorial decision-making process for manuscripts in which they have a competing interest. Such manuscripts must be assigned to another suitably qualified editor who has no relevant conflict of interest and can manage the review and decision-making process independently.

Manuscripts submitted by editors or editorial board members must undergo the same editorial screening and peer-review standards as other submissions. The submitting editor or board member must have no involvement in selecting reviewers, evaluating reviewer reports, or determining the editorial outcome of their manuscript.

Editorial decisions must be based exclusively on scholarly merit, methodological rigour, relevance to the journal's scope, and compliance with publication ethics, without inappropriate influence from personal, institutional, financial, or commercial interests.

4. Management of Conflicts of Interest

HEBR requires competing interests to be disclosed as early as possible in the publication process. The editorial team will assess declared or identified conflicts and determine appropriate measures to safeguard the independence and integrity of manuscript evaluation.

Depending on the circumstances, these measures may include requesting additional disclosure, appointing an independent editor, replacing a reviewer, or excluding a conflicted individual from a particular editorial decision.

Where an undisclosed conflict of interest is identified after publication, the journal will assess its significance and potential effect on the integrity of the published work. Where necessary, appropriate editorial action may include publishing a correction or other notice, or considering retraction in accordance with HEBR's Publication Ethics and Malpractice Statement and applicable COPE guidance.

All disclosures and related concerns will be handled fairly, confidentially, and consistently with the journal's commitment to transparent and responsible scholarly publishing.

HEBR journal will have a clear procedure for handling complaints against the journal, Editorial Staff, Editorial Board or Publisher. The complaints will be clarified to the respected person with respect to the case of the complaint. The scope of complaints includes anything related to the journal business process, i.e. editorial process, found citation manipulation, unfair editor/reviewer, peer-review manipulation, etc. The complaint cases will be processed according to COPE guidelines. The complaint cases should be sent by e-mail hebrjournal@fe.unhas.ac.id.

If the research work involves chemicals, human, animals, procedures or equipment that have any unusual hazards inherent in their use, the author must clearly identify these in the manuscript in order to obey ethical conduct of research using animals and human subjects. If required, Authors must provide legal ethical clearance from the association of legal organization. If the research involves confidential data and of business/marketing practices, authors should clearly justify this matter whether the data or information will be hidden securely or not.

HEBR journal policy about intellectual property or copyright is declared here.

Reviewing process will consider novelty, objectivity, method, scientific impact, conclusion, and references. Reviewers' comments will be sent to the corresponding author for necessary actions and responses. Editorial Board will evaluate the reviewer’s comment and then send the final decision regarding the submission to the corresponding author based on reviewer’s recommendation. Peer-Review process/policy is declared here.

HEBR journal will immediately investigate and reject papers leading to plagiarism or self-plagiarism. HEBR journal Editorial Board will ensure that every published article will not exceed 20% similarity Score. Plagiarism screening policy is decribed here.

HEBR journal accepts discussion and corrections on published articles by reader. In case the reader giving discussions and corrections toward a published article, the reader can contact by email to Editor in Chief by explaining the discussions and corrections. If accepted (by Editor in Chief), the discussions and correction will be published in next issue as Letter to Editor. Respected Authors can reply/answer the discussions and corrections from the reader by sending the reply to Editor in Chief. Therefore, Editors may publish the answer as Reply to Letter to Editor.

Standards for dealing with article withdrawal, article retraction, article remocal, and article replacement on HEBR Journal Policy can be found here.