Authors are fully responsible for the originality of their submissions and remain accountable for the accuracy, integrity, and validity of all content, analyses, and conclusions.

1. AI-generated writing is not permitted. Authors must not use generative AI tools or large language models (LLMs) to draft, rewrite, paraphrase, or otherwise generate substantive parts of a manuscript. This includes, but is not limited to, the abstract, introduction, and literature review.
2. AI-generated or AI-reported results are not permitted. Authors must not use generative AI tools or LLMs to generate results, fabricate data, interpret findings in place of the author(s), or report results as outputs produced by such tools.
3. In-text statistical reporting from AI outputs is not permitted. Authors must not rely on generative AI tools or LLMs to produce or report statistics in the manuscript. The use of AI tools to support analysis is permitted only where authors independently verify outputs, apply appropriate methods, and report procedures and results transparently.
4. Language and readability support is permitted with disclosure. Authors may use generative AI tools or LLMs for copy-editing to improve language, grammar, and readability, provided the tool does not create new scholarly content and the author(s) remain responsible for the final text. Any use of generative AI for language editing must be disclosed at submission in the cover letter or a dedicated note to the editor.
5. AI-generated images are not permitted. The submission and publication of images created by generative AI tools or large-scale generative models is not permitted. Figures and graphical elements must be author-created or properly licensed from third parties with appropriate permissions and attribution.
6. Editors may request clarification. The editorial team may request clarification regarding AI use and may require authors to revise the manuscript or provide supporting materials where necessary to ensure compliance with these principles. Non-compliance may result in rejection or retraction in line with the journal’s publication ethics policy.