Spatial Analysis of Vegetation Condition in the El Nino Phase of 2023 in Parangloe District, Gowa Regency

Abstract

The El Nino phenomenon is a climate anomaly that has a significant impact on environmental  conditions,  including  decreased  rainfall  and  vegetation degradation  in  tropical regions  such  as  Indonesia.  This  study  aims  to  analyse vegetation conditions during the El Nino phase in 2023 in Parangloe District, Gowa  Regency  spatially  using  a  remote  sensing  approach.  The  data  used includes  satellite  images  to  calculate  the  Normalised  Difference  Vegetation Index (NDVI). This research shows that the El Nino phenomenon in 2023 has a significant  impact  on  vegetation  conditions  in  Parangloe  District,  Gowa Regency.  There  was  a  decrease  in  the  area  with  high  vegetation  index  from 13,155 hectares in July, to 7,477 hectares in September, which means a decrease of  5,678  hectares  or  about  43%.  In  contrast,  the  area  with  no  vegetation increased drastically from 725 hectares to 3,040 hectares. In addition, the area of low vegetation also increased from 607 hectares to 2,215 hectares, reflecting the  widespread  ecological  stress  caused  by  the  drought.  This  decline  in vegetation not only impacts the ecological function of the area, but also has the potential  to  disrupt  local  food  security  and  increase  vulnerability  to environmental disasters such as erosion and extreme drought.