Analysis of Land Use/Land Cover Change and Their Effects On Spatiotemporal Patterns Of Urban Heat Islands (UHI) In The City Of Makassar, Indonesia

Abstract

Warming in the climate system is undisputable, which has received increasing global attention since the global mean surface temperature was reported to be increasing in the late 19^th century. As more than 50% of the world population prefers to live in cities, urbanization has become a trigger of global warming. This research will explore the effects of changes in land use land cover (LULC) to find out the effects of urban heat islands (UHI). Makassar City in South Sulawesi is one of the cities in Indonesia that is experiencing rapid urbanization, and is expected to experience significant Urban Heat Island (UHI), which may inevitably affect regional climate, the environment, and socio-economic development. This study aims to determine and analyze the relationship between LULC changes and land surface temperature (LST) patterns. UHI and LULC maps were obtained from Landsat data for the years 1989, 1999, 2007, and 2018 from USGS to show their spatiotemporal patterns. To analyze the relationship between LULC and UHI changes, this study used a quantitative approach to explore the relationship between LST, LULC classification and several indices. The results showed that: (1). During the period of study (1989 – 2018), there were significant changes in LULC. The highest percentage was built up areas, which rose by 73.83% from 4849.21 ha in 1989 to 8429.21 ha in 2018; (2). The spatiotemporal pattern in LST shows an upward trend in all parts of the city, especially in the western part of the city. (3). It was found that the highest temperatures were in built up areas, and the lowest was discovered near waterbodies.