Patterns of Food Consumption and Production of Mountainous Community in Sinjai District, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia

Food availability of one area affects its community food consumption patterns. The area will use its natural resources to satisfy all needs of its society. This study aimed to explain the patterns of consumption and production of food in a mountainous area. This research is a descriptive study using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. In qualitative approach, the data obtained by indepth-interview and Focus Group Discussion (FGD), whereas quantitative data obtained through household surveys of 40 households as samples. Field data collection is done systematically through questionnaires and interviews. There are two data sources namely primary data and secondary data. Primary data were obtained from people in the local area either as informants selected using snowball techniqueor respondents selected purposively. Furthermore, the secondary data were obtained from the literature that correlates with research areas. The result shows that the pattern of food production in the mountainous region is divided into two types based on the land used that is wetland and dry land. The wetland is used by mountainous community to produce food such as rice and corn with a frequency of twice a year. As for the dry land, it is cultivated to produce vegetables that are produced throughout the year as daily necessities. The pattern of consumption in the community correlates with the amount, type and consumptive frequency of the food. In general, people in mountainous areas still consume rice as a staple food by eating vegetables and fish as complementary with a frequency of 2-3 times a day. This is because the access is still relatively easy to obtain these foods.


Introduction
Nowadays, the world faces a major challenge of food security (Reid and Mooney 2016). Food is still a serious problem in most of developing countries (Christine, 2016).
Because of that, the economic policy in developing countries always put the problem of food and nutrition on the main priority (Gerbens-Leenes et al., 2010). One of reasons is the good quality agricultural land became very scarce due to the ongoing development of industrialization, infrastructure development and land degradation caused by unsustainable agricultural practices (Fiedler 2013). Because the production and consumption patterns are unsustainable, human civilization comes to the edge of global catastrophe (Brizga et al., 2014). Throughout history, the human population has experienced a shortage in food production. The growth of population in the past had carried excessive exploitation of the natural resources and resulted in the extinction and the collapse of civilization in the past (Diamond, 2005).
Availability of production becomes important in satisfying the food demand, especially the domestic production, because food security is one important component of the country national securities (Meskhia, 2016). It is doing so in orderto avoid making exports a top priority as the way to fulfill the food needs. Because of the dependence of export food needs is considered very vulnerable both politically and economically (Boucekkine, et al., 2016). This has pushed many people, including many academics to undertake efforts to develop production and consumption of sustainable food (Dubey, et al., 2016). Sustainable Consumption and Production (SCP) has become an important topic both in terms of policy and research agenda for academics (Geels et al., 2015).
The use of natural resources for food consumption is the combined effect of specific patterns of consumption and production systems (Delis and Iosifidi, 2016). Some scientists describe the complex relationship between sustainability of consumption and the limited availability of natural resources (Delis and Iosifidi, 2016). Requirement for specific natural resources for each item of food is determined by the production system. In general, food production is largely determined by the requirements of land, energy and fresh water (Gerbens-Leenes et al., 2010).
One factor in the sustainability of production is land requirement for the fulfillment of the food (Tseng et al., 2013). Indonesia is one country that applies the concept of food through Food Safety Act No. 18 of 2012 concerning food. In the Act, it is specified that food is a basic human need that its fulfillment becomes the right of every citizen of Indonesia in achieving qualified human resources in order to implement the safe, highly qualified, nutritious, diverse, and available national development sufficiently.
This policy is needed to increase food selfsufficiency. In addition to the production aspect, food security is widely intended to guarantee food access for individuals to meet their food needs (Noromiarilanto et al., 2016  People's food needs between one region and another has a wide range of differences, including the people in mountainous areas (Vergragt et al., 2014). Consumption of food is said as eating habits that will form a consumption pattern (Nguyen and Winters, 2011 (Margareta, 2014). .

Method
This research was conducted from but it is more influenced by the rainy season.
Potential rainfall occurs between the months of January to April, May and June were dry mid, July recur high rainfall, and August to   Although the food production in the area was good and enough to support the community consumption, but for the long run such ability will decrease due to the decrease of available land for agriculture as impact of population growth which make much land converted into housing. The other factor contribute to this situation is water and climate change dynamics. These factors will cause failure in an effort to increase food production. The demand for increased production is also higher due to population growth of 0.47% per year.

Food consumption pattern
Pattern of consumption has a correlation with the food source, the type of food, the frequency of the food consumed and no less important household expenditure for food consumption (Baliwati&Roosita, 2004 households (22.5%) (Figure 2).

Fish consumption
As a source of protein, fish is a commodity that is the most often in private consumption as a companion to the mountains of rice every day with the frequency of con-

Vegetable consumption
The vegetables as source vitamin and mineral consumed by people in the mountainous areas were mostly from their agricultural products such as spinach leaves, moringa leaves, cassava leaves, cabbage, leeks, beans and other vegetable commodities.
This food source is not consumed in large quantities and only as a complementary food along with rice and fish. In general, respondents categorized often consume vegetables when eating vegetables as much as 5-6 times a week and less frequent category when consume vegetables 3-4 times a week. in the number of dependents leading to high spending for consumption.

Conclusion
The pattern of food production in